I really hope that people aren’t looking to weblogs for answers to questions like these, but since many probably are, I think it’s worthwhile to respond to a series of questions that came up in the comments section of a previous post. I think that someone wrestling with these issues should ask themselves this question: which position (women can be elders—egalitarian, or women should not be elders—complementarian) would be the easiest position to take given our culture and the spirit of our age.
I think the clear answer to that question is that it fits better with our culture to say that women can be elders (even though some people may be uncomfortable at the thought of actually having a woman as their senior pastor). In theory, at least, it’s easier to take the egalitarian position.
The next question, it seems to me, should be this one: why is it that some people don’t take the egalitarian position? Setting aside the possibility that they are un-enlightened (which is to say, stupid), and the possibility that they are just plain mean, let’s grant that they must have good reasons for taking this position that makes them seem mean and stupid and fundamentalistic. Why would anyone be a complementarian?
Anyone who wants to understand why some people hold so firmly to the complementarian position should check out what complementarians say for themselves. So I suggest you browse the website of the Council for Biblical Manhood and Womanhood, pick up a copy of Wayne Grudem’s book, Evangelical Feminism and Biblical Truth, see the excellent book by Schreiner and Köstenberger, Women in the Church, or even read my essay, “What Women Can Do in Ministry: Full Participation within Biblical Boundaries.” If you want to understand complementarians, these are the kinds of things you should examine.
As I mentioned, several questions were posted in the comments section of this blog on a recent post, so here are my brief responses to those questions:
Deon asked if the complementarian position means that women cannot be called of God and are in direct rebellion against the Lord.
Women can be called of God to teach. Paul instructs older women to teach the younger women (Titus 2), and obviously women should teach children (young males who are not considered “men,” as in “adult men”, see Proverbs). But everyone who has a calling must pursue what they have been called to do within the instructions given by God. Nadab and Abihu were called to serve the Lord as priests. They didn’t bother with God’s instructions and got struck dead (Lev 10). If the Bible says that women are not to teach or exercise authority over men, then the women who feel called to teach and lead cannot teach and lead men. If they do so, they are not obeying the Bible.
Micah asks whether the cultural attitude toward women influences what Paul says.
Again, note that when Paul explains why women should not teach and exercise authority over men in 1 Tim 2:13–15 the reasons he gives come from Genesis 1–2. Paul appeals to the pre-fall created order, which indicates that his instructions are based on the nature of God’s creation rather than on societal norms. Paul’s teaching here is trans-cultural.
Micah also comments on the fact that women are to “learn quietly with all submissiveness.”
Note that the same Greek word for “quietly” in 1 Tim 2:11 is used in 1 Tim 2:2 when Paul refers to a “peaceful and quiet life.” I do not think that Paul is saying that women should never utter a syllable in church, because living a peaceful and quiet life doesn’t mean never speaking! Also, I think the instructions for women to remain silent in 1 Corinthians 14:34 refer to the time when the prophecies are being evaluated spoken of in 1 Corinthians 14:29. Paul has already said in 1 Corinthians 11 that women can pray and prophesy in church, and I don’t think he forgot what he said in chapter 11 when he wrote chapter 14. So I think he means for women to be silent when the prophecies are evaluated, lest a woman exercise authority over a man by evaluating his prophecy.
Micah asks about the case of Deborah.
The book of Judges is not exactly a how-to-manual for Christian worship. It’s a book that describes a period in Israel’s history when the nation was wicked and “there was no king in Israel, and everyone did what was right in his own eyes” (Judg 17:6; 21:25). Deborah tells Barak, a man, that he’s the one who should be leading the people, and that since he won’t do what he should, “the road on which you are going will not lead to your glory, for the LORD will sell Sisera into the hand of a woman” (Judg 4:9). Deborah herself chastises this man because he lets a woman lead. So the example of Deborah doesn’t override the explicit command to the Christian church in 1 Timothy 2:12. In fact, I think the story of Deborah actually argues more for the complementarian position than the egalitarian, given Deborah’s perspective on the matter (see Judg 4:9).
Micah asks about Galatians 3:28.
This verse is not saying that all role distinctions are abolished. It is simply saying that everyone who believes in Jesus is united to him by faith in the same way. Paul had not forgotten that he had written Galatians 3:28 when he wrote 1 Timothy 2:12. Everyone is on equal footing before the cross. Everyone is united to Christ by faith. But this doesn’t obliterate gender roles and racial distinctions. Paul is talking about being justified by faith in Jesus in Galatians 3:28. He is not addressing whether women can teach men or exercise authority over them. He addressed that in 1 Timothy 2:12.
As for slaves, it seems that Paul addresses them where they are. He instructs them to glorify God through faithful service, and he instructs masters to fear God and treat slaves well. He does indicate, through a book like Philemon, that Christians should move beyond slavery. By contrast, he never indicates that Christians should move beyond gender. Rather, he explains that gender roles are for the glory of God.
I agree with the complementarian view on this issue.
Even if it was just an ancient cultural issue that didn’t apply today, which I doubt, I think most women, when honest, would prefer men (especially their man) to be loving servant leaders.
Jim,
I hardly agree with your assessment of Deborah. You leave out crucial details. We see in the beginning of the section that Deborah is judging Israel during this time (vs. 4) and that’s never stated as bad or less than ideal. All of the people would go to her for guidance (vs. 5). She acts as one who has authority over Barak. She summons him and commands him again with the commands of God (vs. 6-7). Your commentary on vs. 9 seems to be a stretch at best; she clearly isn’t saying that Barak should be doing her job. Barak wasn’t commanded by God to be judging Israel, but to lead his army against those abusing the people of Israel.
I’m in complete agreement with you concerning the purpose and intent of the book of Judges; its hardly prescriptive instruction as to the function of Christ’s church. But its hard to ignore the reality that a woman was “the” leader of Israel, that’s never said to be wrong or less than ideal in the text, and clearly exercises authority over Barak.
To me, here’s an example that gives complementarians like myself difficulty: female leadership that is never condemned or stated as less than ideal. Not only that, it seems Deborah was successful in the integrity of her heart and in the function of a judge of Israel.
Brian,
She does tell Barak that he won’t get the glory and that Yahweh will give Sisera into the hand of a woman.
Often the OT narrators don’t necessarily point out that the things they have recounted are wrong. They expect their readers/hearers to konw that what they are recounting is an indication of either disobedience or God’s judgment.
For instance, the author of Samuel doesn’t come right out and say that Israel treated the ark like a rabbit’s foot in 1 Sam 4, nor does he point out that Israel hasn’t repented of sin, hasn’t sought Yahweh in prayer, and hasn’t consulted Samuel the prophet when they get the bright idea to take the ark out to battle. But careful readers recognize that all this has been omitted.
The same kind of thing may be going on in Judges. In this highly patriarchichal society, Israel’s judge is a woman. I doubt the original audience of Judges would have worn that as a badge of honor showing egalitarian credentials. . .
All the best to you in Christ Jesus,
JMH
You are right that looking to blogs as the ultimate authority for issues is problematic. However, there are so many blogs these days that it is almost useless to use the internet at all unless you are seeking blogs! I was searching for Rob Bell’s position on this issue and found nothing but blogs (mostly). Anyway, it’s good to stop on yours.
see ya.
I’m concerned that I have not yet heard acknowledgement of the fact that Paul was a highly educated good Jew! He, along with Peter – had an anti-Gentile, patriarchal attitude towards those excluded from the privileged group – Jewish males. Do you really believe this thinking doesn’t influence Paul’s writing and perspectives – he even killed folks who didn’t agree! God clearly dealt with him concerning Gentiles, so we don’t get biases here; however, there is a thin line between marriage as culture, and marriage as theology. It seems to me that Paul leans more to culture in delineating his position concerning “Christian” norms that relate to a woman’s place in this transitioning “Way” from Judiasm to Christianity! It is real transition here.
Besides the fact that I’m sure Paul was not intending his letter to Timothy and Titus to become “scripture” for all time! We are left to struggle with what represents norm vs. form. So why would anyone exclude women from doing anything that promotes and blesses the Kingdom? Jesus didn’t! Why would God, who is not at all backwards, clearly give women, and even some children, powerful preaching gifts and not expect them to use them to draw anyone, everyone (“whosever will”) into His kingdom? We are so traditional, that we sacrifice people for issues! Jesus didn’t!
One of the most clear consequences of the Fall was that men would have a need to dominate – and believe me, they have truly lived this out, even in the text. My last comment is that in the Book of Acts, chapter 15, there is a general assembly concerning conditions by which Gentiles would be accepted into the church; one of those conditions was to abstain from eating food with blood (as offered to idols – culture); why do we not see that appropriate exegesis demands that we locate issues of that day, and not make the text say what it is not saying? As far as I’m concerned, Luke wrote about those Gentiles, not 21st century Gentiles, so have your steak rare and refuse to burn candles while you do! Amen.
Paul grounds his comments on an appeal to the pre-fall, edenic created order, not on culture.
Blessings,
JMH
Should women be pastors and elders – No? Elders in the church are men – elder women are mothers. Barak was the deliverer while Deborah judge the affairs of the people (Heb. 11:32. She reminded him God had commanded him to deliver Israel but he would not go without her. God didn’t tell him to take her with him and that’s why the honor was given to a woman. Women leaders are messing up the church causing the men and themselves to blashpheme God’s name. WOMEN SHOULD NOT PASTOR OR BE BISHOPS OR PREACHERS- SIT THEM DOWN. God is going to whip a lot of these men with many stripes.